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The proposed textbook on Pathophysiology for English studying students contains information selected according to the pathological physiology program for students of medical universities. The textbook is written to help students in their independent studies on Pathophysiology and to understand the material on pathological processes development. The material provided in the textbook is adapted to the credit-module system of training and will help to increase knowledge of mechanisms of typical pathological processes at the molecular, organ and systemic levels. There are new materials of national and foreign pathological physiology in the book. The textbook is recommended for training medical students of all medical university faculties. It can also be offered for use in preparing doctors, interns, aspirants, postgraduate students, and may be useful to physicians of all specialties at any stage of postgraduate education.
Contents
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
List of main abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
PART I. GENERAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
UNIT I. GENERAL NOSOLOGY, ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Chapter 1. Foundation Concepts of Pathophysiology. Health and Disease. . . . . . . . . . 12
Chapter 2. Pathogenic Action of Environmental Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Chapter 3. The Role of Heredity and Constitution (Somatotypes) in Pathology. . . . . . . 86
UNIT II. MECHANISMS OF TISSUE AND CELLULAR INJURY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Chapter 4. Typical Disorders of the Peripheral Blood Flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Chapter 5. Hypoxia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Chapter 6. Cell Pathophysiology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Chapter 7. Pathophysiology of Tissue Growth. Neoplasia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
UNIT III. INFLAMMATION AND IMMUNE DISORDERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Chapter 8. Pathophysiology of Inflammation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Chapter 9. Reactivity and Resistance. Immune Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Chapter 10. Pathophysiology of the Immune System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Chapter 11. Pathophysiology of Thermoregulation. Fever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
UNIT IV. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF METABOLISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Chapter 12. Pathophysiology of Energy and Protein Metabolism. Starvation . . . . . . . 284
Chapter 13. Alterations in Carbohydrate Metabolism. Diabetes Mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Chapter 14. Pathophysiology of Lipid Metabolism. Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Chapter 15. Pathophysiology of Water and Salt Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Chapter 16. Pathophysiology of Acid-Base Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Chapter 17. Pathophysiology of Calcium and Phosphate Homeostasis . . . . . . . . . . . 354
PART II. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ORGANS AND SYSTEMS. . . . . . . . . . . . 367
UNIT V. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEMATOPOIETIC FUNCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
Chapter 18. Disorders of Total Blood Volume and Hematocrit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
Chapter 19. Red Blood Cell Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Chapter 20. White Blood Cell Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
Chapter 21. Neoplastic Disorders of Hematopoietic Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
Chapter 22. Pathophysiology of Blood Coagulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
UNIT VI. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CARDIOVASCULAR
AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
Chapter 23. Disorders of Cardiac Function. Heart Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
Chapter 24. Disorders of Blood Pressure Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486
Chapter 25. Cardiac Conduction and Rhythm Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
Chapter 26. Pathophysiology of the Respiratory System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509
UNIT VII. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF GASTROINTESTINAL
AND RENAL FUNCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
Chapter 27. Pathophysiology of the Digestive System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
Chapter 28. Pathophysiology of Hepatobiliary Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556
Chapter 29. Renal Pathophysiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576
UNIT VIII. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ENDOCRINE AND NEURAL FUNCTION . . . . . 598
Chapter 30. Pathophysiology of the Endocrine System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598
Chapter 31. Pathophysiology of the Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637
UNIT IX. PATHOPHYSYOLOGY OF EXTREME CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
Chapter 32. Pathophysiology of Shock and Extreme Medical Conditions . . . . . . . . . . 653
UNIT X. PATHOPHYSYOLOGY OF Infectious Diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664
Chapter 33.Etiology and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664
REFERENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687