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AUTHORS’ NOTE

INTRODUCTION

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY

Мodule 1. CLINICAL BIOMECHANICS OF THE HUMAN MASTICATORY APPARATUS

ONTOGENESIS OF THE PRIMORDIAL MASTICATORY APPARATUS

ONTOGENESIS OF THE SECONDARY MASTICATORY APPARATUS

Mandible and maxilla development

Neonatal oral cavity

Mechanisms and timing of tooth eruption

The mandible

The maxilla

The hard palate

The temporo-mandibular joint

Muscles of the masticatory apparatus

Muscles elevating the MANDIBLE (MASTICATION group)

Muscles PROTRUDING the MANDIBLE (MASTICATION group)

MuscleS DEPRESSING the MANDIBLE (suprahyoid group)

Muscles of facial expression

Questions for self-control

Morphology of teeth

The structure of dental arches

Occlusal curves

Bite. Types of bite

Articulation and occlusion

Types of occlusion

Sagittal and transverse occlusal curves

Chewing and swallowing mechanism and muscles providing these functions

Functionally oriented groups of teeth

The oral cavity as a resonator for the pronunciation of words.

Role of teeth and tongue in the process of clear pronunciation

Periodontium. Parodontium. Structure and functions

Oral mucosa and its role in prosthetic treatment

Masticatory reflexes

Sagittal, vertical and transverse mandibular movements and muscles performing them

Questions for self-control

EXAMINATION OF PATIENT IN THE DENTAL PROSTHETIC CLINIC

Clinical methods of examination

Visual examination of the patient and examination of the face

Examination of the temporomandibular joints and masticatory muscles

Examination of facial bones and regional lymph nodes

Determining the tooth mobility

Questions for self-control

Odontoparodontogram according to V.Yu. Kurliandskyi

Detection of premature teeth contacts with occlusiogram

Examination of the occlusion state with T-scan III device

Questions for self-control

SPECIAL (ADDITIONAL) EXAMINATION METHODS

X-ray examination methods

Examination and assessment of anatomical and topographic conditions for implantation

Instrumental methods

Methods for determining the masticatory efficiency

Graphic methods for recording mandibular movements and the functional state of the masticatory muscles

Questions for self-control

Electromyographic examination of the masticatory and facial muscles

FUNCTIONAL DIAGNOSTIC METHODS

Laser flowmetry

Method for examining the fixed one-piece porcelain fused to metal dentures applying DIAGNOdent device

Apexlocation, galvanometry

Questions for self-control

Clinical tests in prosthetic dentistry

Diagnostic laboratory methods

Diagnosis of denture-related stomatitis

Questions for self-control

Diagnostic process in prosthetic dentistry

Plan and tasks of prosthetic treatment

Medical history

Questions for self-control

LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN THE CLINICAL PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY

Indications and contraindications to local anesthesia in the clinical prosthetic dentistry

Collection of anamnesis and examination of the patient before anesthesia and subsequent prosthetic intervention

Questions for self-control

Drugs for local anesthesia

Anesthetics for the application anesthesia

Anesthetics for the injection anesthesia

Local anesthetics of the amide group

Pharmacokinetic characteristics of local anesthetics

Modern physiological mechanisms of local anesthetics effect

Premedication

Questions for self-control

Anesthesia techniques

Maxillary conduction anesthesia

Mandibular conduction anesthesia

Questions for self-control

Local complications associated with the injectable anesthetics

Questions for self-control

General complications associated with local anesthesia

Questions for self-control

Allergic reactions

Questions for self-control

MEDICAL TACTICS AND SURGICAL TECHNIQUES WHEN PREPARING TEETH FOR ARTIFICIAL CROWNS

TECHNIQUES FOR IMPRESSION TAKING

Taking an alginate complete anatomical impression

Taking a double impression

Taking a double one-step impression

Taking a partial double occlusal impression

Taking unloading functional impression

Taking compressive functional impression

PROSTHETIC TREATMENT FOR TOOTH CROWN DEFECTS

WITH ARTIFICIAL CROWNS

Indications and contraindications to the use of artificial crowns

Evolution in technological improvement of crown manufacturing

Questions for self-control

Stamped full metal crowns

Plastic crowns

Portion crowns

Three-quarter crown

Equator crowns

Telescopic crowns

Questions for self-control

Full cast crowns

Metal-plastic crowns

Porcelain fused to metal crowns

Metal-free zirconia crowns

Veneers

Questions for self-control

RESTORING THE PARTIAL DEFECTS OF DENTITIONS WITH BRIDGES

Bridge constructions

Biomechanics of bridges

Indications and contraindications to prosthetic treatment for dentition defects with bridges

Selection of abutment teeth for bridges

The basic principles of bridges design

Questions for self-control

Clinical and laboratory stages of soldered bridges manufacturing

Prosthetic treatment for dentition defects with full cast bridges

Metal-plastic bridges

Prosthetic treatment for dentition defects with porcelain fused to metal bridges

Adhesive bridges

Questions for self-control

Removable bridges with supportive-retentive clasps

Split-cast fixed bridges

Clinical evaluation of bridges

Errors and complications which may occur when applying bridges

Questions for self-control

FIXATION OF NON-REMOVABLE PROSTHETIC CONSTRUCTIONS OF DENTURES

TECHNIQUE OF CUTTING AND REMOVING THE PROSTHETIC CONSTRUCTIONS

Мodule 2. RESTORATION OF DENTITION INTEGRITY WITH REMOVABLE CONSTRUCTIONS OF DENTURES IN CASE OF PARTIAL DEFECTS

CONSTRUCTIONS OF REMOVABLE LAMINAR DENTURES

Denture base

Artificial teeth

Fixation of partial removable laminar dentures

Anatomical retention

Mechanical means of fixing dentures

Lock (articulated) attachments

Attaching the clasp to the denture

Selection of abutment teeth for clasp fixation

Questions for self-control

Technique for designing artificial dentitions

Questions for self-control

RESTORATION OF DENTITIONS WITH CLASP DENTURES IN CASE OF THEIR DEFECTS

Indications and contraindications to the use of the clasp dentures

Fixation and stabilization of the clasp dentures

Clasp system for fixing the arch denture

Bar system for fixing the clasp denture

Manufacturing the clasp dentures with attachments. Types and classification of attachments

Planning the design of the clasp dentures

Diagnostic, working and auxiliary models

Parallelometry, methods of conducting

Questions for self-control

Technology of manufacturing the soldered clasp dentures

Technology of manufacturing the full-cast frame with taking the wax reproduction from the model

Technology of manufacturing the full-cast clasp dentures on refractory models

Manufacturing the refractory model

Modeling the clasp denture frame

Adjustment, fixation and correction of the clasp dentures

Questions for self-control

Мodule 3. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND PROSTHETIC TREATMENT FOR EDENTULOUS PATIENTS

EXAMINATION OF PATIENT WITH COMPLETE ABSENCE OF TEETH

Clinical presentation of complete absence of teeth

Classification of jaw atrophy

Assessment of the state of the prosthetic bed mucosa

SPECIAL PREPARATION OF THE ORAL CAVITY BEFORE PROSTHETIC TREATMENT

Questions for self-control

FIXATION, STABILIZATION AND EQUILIBRIUM OF COMPLETE REMOVABLE LAMINAR DENTURES

FUNCTIONAL IMPRESSIONS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION

Custom trays

Techniques for taking functional impressions

Fitting the custom tray on the edentulous mandible

Fitting the custom tray on the edentulous maxilla

Techniques for taking the compression impressions

EVALUATION AND FIXATION OF THE CENTRIC RELATION OF EDENTULOUS JAWS

Anatomical and physiological method for determining the interalveolar height

DEVICES REPRODUCING MANDIBULAR MOVEMENTS

Occluders

Articulators

Individual recording of the mandibular movements

Extraoral method for recording the mandibular movements

Katts–Efron–Gelfand phenomenon

Questions for self-control

ANATOMICAL DESIGN OF DENTITIONS ON GLASS

Anatomical construction of dentitions in progenic and prognathic jaw relation

Articulation theories and their practical significance for the construction of artificial dentitions for complete removable dentures

Questions for self-control

Evaluation of the complete removable dentures

Final modeling the wax bases for removable dentures

Mounting the models, ways of plastic packing in dental flasks. Polymerization modes

Treatment of removable dentures after polymerization

Questions for self-control

FIXATION OF COMPLETE REMOVABLE DENTURES. CORRECTION, ADAPTATION PROCESSES

Agents for fixing removable dentures

Response of the prosthetic bed tissues to removable dentures

Features of repeated prosthetic treatment for patients with complete removable dentures

Questions for self-control

Мodule 4. PARODONTAL DISEASES

PROSTHETIC TREATMENT FOR PARODONTAL DISEASES

Classification of parodontal diseases

Gingivitis

Types of splinting and classification of splints

Splints for the anterior group of teeth

Splinting teeth with system of guywire dentures

Adhesive technology when splinting the movable teeth

Splints for the masticatory group of teeth

Removable splints

Single splint for the dentition

The role and place of prosthetic treatment in the comprehensive therapy for parodontal diseases

Questions for self-control

PROSTHETIC TREATMENT FOR PATHOLOGICAL ATTRITION OF THE HARD DENTAL TISSUES

Etiology and pathogenesis of pathological attrition of the hard dental tissues

Classification of pathological attrition of teeth

Prosthetic treatment for pathological attrition of the hard dental tissues

Questions for self-control

PARTIAL LOSS OF TEETH COMPLICATED BY DENTITION DEFORMATION

Etiology, pathogenesis of partial loss of teeth complicated by dentition deformation

Classification of partial tooth loss complicated by dentitions deformation

Preparation and prosthetic treatment in case of partial tooth loss complicated by dentition deformation

Questions for self-control

TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS

Pain syndrome in case of the temporomandibular joint dysfunction

Arthritis, arthrosis. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation

Mandible dislocation and subluxation

Methods of treatment for the temporomandibular joint disorders

Questions for self-control

Мodule 5. MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHETICS

PROSTHETIC TREATMENT FOR PATIENTS WITH DENTOFACIAL  DEFECTS

History of maxillofacial prosthetics development

Maxillofacial injuries

Classification of jaw fractures

The mechanism of fragments displacement in case of fractures

Emergency care in maxillofacial injuries

Questions for self-control

Classification of splints and devices used in maxillofacial prosthetics

Bite, crown and ring dental splints

Dentogingival and gingival splints

Transport splints

Questions for self-control

Fractures of the maxillary alveolar process and the mandibular alveolar part

Maxillary fractures

Prosthetic treatment for mandibular fractures

Prosthetic treatment in case of neglected fractures with persistently displaced fragments and bone defects

Improperly consolidated mandibular fractures

False joints

Jaw contracture

Microstomia

Questions for self-control

Postoperative defects of the maxillofacial area

Prosthetic treatment after maxillary resection

Prosthetic treatment after mandibular resection

Prosthetic treatment for facial defects

Prosthetic methods in comprehensive treatment of patients with congenital and acquired palatal defects

Prosthetic treatment for congenital palatal defects

Methods of prosthetic treatment for acquired palatal defects

Prosthetic treatment for patients with soft palate defects

Therapeutic maxillofacial gymnastics

Questions for self-control

PROSTHETIC TREATMENT WITH IMPLANTS

Historical review on the implant dentistry development

Features of clinical examination of patients when planning dental implant surgery

Planning the prosthetic treatment with implants

Diagnostic models, wax and 3d-modeling

Materials for implants manufacturing

Implant components

Classification of implants

Abutments, their types and use

Custom tray manufacturing in prosthetic treatment with implants

Methods of impression taking in prosthetic treatment with implants

Taking impressions according to the open tray technique for manufacturing prosthetic constructions fixed on implants

Clinical and laboratory stages of implant-supported bridge manufacturing

Clinical and laboratory stages of manufacturing a complete removable

laminar bar-supported denture

Questions for self-control

TESTS

KEY

REFENCES