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Textbook covers the information concerning general principles and notions of bioorganic chemistry according to the level requisite for the educational standards of high medical schools students. Presented are the structure and properties of carbon containing molecules with the special emphasis given to the natural compounds, especially heterocycles, alkaloids applied as pharmaceutical drugs and biomolecules as the constituents of living cells, principally amino acids, lipids, proteins, nucleotides
and nucleic acids.
У підручнику містяться відомості про загальні принципи і поняття біоорганічної хімії згідно з вимогами освітніх стандартів до студентів вищих медичних навчальних закладів. Представлена структура і властивості карбонвмісних молекул з акцентом на природні сполуки, особливо гетероцикли, алкалоїди, що застосовуються як лікарські засоби, а також біомолекули, які входять до складу живих організмів, головним чином амінокислоти, ліпіди, білки, нуклеотиди
і нуклеїнові кислоти.
Contents
Preface ........................................................................................................................7
Section I.
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY:
MOLECULES, REACTIONS ......................................................................................8
Chapter 1.
Basic conceptions and definitions.
Nomenclature and classification of bioorganic compounds ...........8
Chapter 2.
Reactions in bioorganic chemistry.
Hydrocarbons: alkanes, alkenes.
Medical applications of halogenocarbons .......................................... 24
Chapter 3.
Oxygen containing compounds: alcohols, phenols,
carbonyl compounds, carboxylic acids,
esters as biomolecules and drugs .......................................................... 44
Chapter 4.
Arenes and their derivatives. Nitrogen containing compounds.
Heterofunctional compounds. Heterocycles ...................................... 63
Section II.
BIOMOLECULES and PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES
in BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY ............................................................................. 87
Chapter 5.
Carbohydrates-1: structure, classification. Monosaccharides:
nomenclature, stereochemistry, properties ........................................ 87
Chapter 6.
Carbohydrates-2: structure and biological functions
of sugar derivatives. Homopoly-saccharides
and heteropolysaccharides ......................................................................109
Chapter 7.
Lipids: structure and properties. Fatty acids, triacylglycerols,
phospholipids, glycolipids, steroids .....................................................127
6
Chapter 8.
L-?-amino acids as the biomolecules: structure,
classification, properties. Biochemical reactions of
proteinogenic l-?-amino acids. Peptides and proteins ................145
Chapter 9.
Nucleosides and nucleotides as monomer units
of nucleic acids. Nucleic acids – dNa and rNa as
biomacromolecules ....................................................................................169
Key Terms and Definitions ................................................................................184
Answers to Problems and Tests ......................................................................197
Suggested Readings ..........................................................................................218
Index ......................................................................................................................218