Abbreviations . 5
1. Nutrition in the first 6 month . 7
1.1. Breastfeeding . .7
1.2. Benefits of breastfeeding . .7
1.3. Factors that affect breastfeeding . 9
1.4. Exclusive breastfeeding . .10
1.5. Breastfeeding initiation . 11
1.6. Frequency and duration of breastfeeding . 11
1.7. Correct positioning a child and mother during breastfeeding . 12
1.8. Signs of effective breastfeeding . 13
1.9. Expressing breast milk and its storage . 14
1.10. Medical contraindications during lactation . 15
1.11. Breastfeeding difficulties – breast problems . 16
1.12. Relactation and supplementary feeding system . .16
1.13. Breast milk substitutes for infants .17
1.14. Preparation of breast milk substitutes . .18
1.15. Recommended amount of breast milk substitute . 18
1.16. Transportation of breast milk substitutes . 19
1.17. The use of teats and pacifiers . .19
1.18. The use of feeding cups . 19
2. Child nutrition from 6 to 23 months . 22
2.1. Main principles of solid foods introduction . 23
2.2. Duration of the breastfeeding . .25
2.3. The minimum dietary diversity . 25
2.4. Solid foods introduction . . 25
2.5. Meal frequency during solid foods introduction . 26
2.6. Amount of food per feeding . .27
2.7. Assessing feeding practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.8. Safe preparation and storage of foods intended for children
up to 2 years of age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.9. Food allergy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3. Supplements for children (micronutrients and vitamins) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.1. Iron supplementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.2. Calcium supplementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.3. Vitamin D supplementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.4. Iodine supplementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.5. Vitamin A supplementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4. Nutrition of pregnant and breastfeeding women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.1. Diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.2. Dietary supplements for pregnant and lactating women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5. Developmental disorders of a child associated with nutritional status . . . . . 39
5.1. Anthropometric measurements for growth, development and
adequate nutrition assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5.2. Head circumference measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5.3. Growth charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
5.4. Principles of physical development evaluation of a child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
5.5. Steps in case of physical development disorders associated
with nutritional status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
ANNEXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56